This review discusses how each component of a CO2 electrolyzer, such as membranes, electrodes, electrolytes, flow channels, and inlet CO2 affects system performance. By analyzing recent advances and design strategies, it highlights how optimized component selection can improve efficiency and product selectivity. These insights provide practical guidance for designing CO2 electrolyzers suited for industrial-scale applications.
Abstract:
Electrochemical CO2 electrolyzers are increasingly recognized for their potential to convert CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks, addressing critical environmental and economic challenges. Traditionally, the catalytic properties of the cathode, where CO2RR directly occurs, have been the main focus of research due to their control over product selectivity. More recently, however, membrane-based electrolyzers—commonly used in fuel cells and water electrolyzers—have shown substantial potential for commercial CO2 reduction, offering improved scalability and efficiency. Nevertheless, the complex components in membrane-based electrolyzers require precise optimization, as each unit directly impacts system performance and product selectivity. In this review, the structures and components of membrane-based CO2 electrolyzers are systematically examined, including the electrolyzer design, flow channels, membranes, electrolytes, CO2 supply units, and electrodes. Recent innovations in the optimization of these components are highlighted to provide insights into advancing CO2RR technology toward commercially feasible applications. This approach can assist considerably in improving the CO2RR electrolyzer performance, thereby helping predict optimal pathways for commercial realization and guide future development.
Author list:
Gyeong Ho Han†, Jungmin Yoo†, Juho Ha†, Dong Young Hwang, Soo Young Kim*, Sang Hyun Ahn*
How to cite:
G. H. Han, J. Yoo, J. Ha, D. Y. Hwang, S. Y. Kim, S. H. Ahn, Exploration 2025, 5, 20240025.
https://doi.org/10.1002/EXP.20240025